2017语特殊句型之部分倒装

　　英语的最基本的结构是主、谓结构，倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。英语的倒装结构分为两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。上一期已经跟大家分享了完全倒装的常见结构以及真题例句。今天，辅导老师继续上期话题，将部分倒装的相关知识分享给大家。

　　常见的部分倒装结构：

　　(1) only+副词/介词短语/状语从句位于句首时：

　　I realized the importance of learning English only then. Only then did I realize the importance of learning English.

　　You can learn English well only in this way. Only in this way can you learn English well.

　　One knows freedom’s value only when one loses it. Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.

　　(2) 否定词或表否定意义的词：seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, never, little, few, neither, nor等位于句首时：

　　I have never seen such a beautiful place. Never have I seen such a beautiful place.

　　I seldom go to the cinema. Seldom do I go to the cinema.

　　
　　(3) so位于句首，并用于重复前面的部分内容，表示“某人/某事也如此”时：

　　He has been to Beijing. So have I. I have been to Beijing too.

　　He likes reading very much. So do I. I like reading too.

　　Notes: 1. so 引导的倒装句中的谓语与前句的谓语时态保持一致。

　　
　　2. 若so引导的句子主语与前句主语一致，表示“某人确实如此”时，无需倒装。

　　Betty is a pretty girl. So she is.

　　Tom works really hard. So he does.

　　
　　(4) 含no的短语置于句首时：

　　In no way can we allow this to happen.

　　By no means should he be left alone.

　　In no case are you to leave him alone.

　　On no account should we leave him alone.

　　Under no circumstances can we destroy our environment.

　　No longer are they seeing each other.

　　
　　(5) not 短语位于句首时：

　　Not until he went abroad did he know the truth of the fact. (主句倒装，not until引导的从句不倒装)

　　Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend. (紧跟not only的句子倒装)

　　Not a moment did she waste when she was studying abroad.　　

　　(6) 比较状语从句中的倒装：比较结构的后面部分可以进行部分倒装，后面部分的谓语的时态与前面谓语的时态保持一致

　　I can run faster than he does. I can run faster than does he.

　　He ran as fast as my brother did. He ran as fast as did my brother.

　　The greater the number of the free electrons(电子) in a material is, the better is the conductivity(导电性) of the material.

　　
　　(7) 在由so+adj/adv+that和such that引导的结果状语从句中：

　　He works so hard that he has made great progress in English. So hard does he work that he has made great progress in English

　　The attack was so suddenly that we had no time to escape. So suddenly was the attack that we had no time to escape.

　　He speaks so loudly that even people in the next room could hear him. So loudly does he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.

　　除了以上和之前总结的完全倒装和部分倒装结构，英语中还有以下常见的倒装结构，大家需要注意：

　　条件句与让步状语从句中的倒装：

　　
　　(8) if引导的条件句中，当谓语动词包含were/should/had时，可以省略if并且从句倒装：

　　If I were you, I would work hard. Were I you, I would work hard.

　　If it should rain tommorow, we should put off the meeting. Should it rain tommorow, we should put off the meeting.

　　If he had followed my advice, he would have succeeded. Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.

　　
　　(9) though/as(虽然，尽管)引导的让步状语从句中的倒装：

　　Though he was surrounded by the enemy, he was not afraid. Surrounded though he way by the enemy, he was not afraid.

　　Although I like you very much, I will not marry you. Much as I like you, I will not marry you.

　　Although he is a child, he has to make a living. Child as he is, he has to make a living.

　　Although she might try, she could not pass the exam. Try though she might, she could not pass the exam.

　　Although I am ugly, I am gentle. Ugly as I am, I am gentle.

　　Notes: 从句的表语是名词，名词位于句首时，前面不加任何冠词

　　至此。有关倒装结构的相关知识已给大家总结如上。倒装结构是考研英语难点之一，了解和掌握常见的倒装结构，可以帮助大家很快识别长难句中的倒装并还原为正常语序，从而肃清句子理解的障碍。